My utility has a Protection and Control group, and has for years, and in alignment with that thinking I tend to classify schemes as for either protection or control. True enough, there are sometimes interfaces and overlaps; nevertheless...
In line with what Hoxton wrote, I would call a limiter one possible part of a control or operating scheme, as opposed to a relaying or protection scheme. As such, I would not designate these discrete components as comparative layers of protection.
Certainly, as noted by Scotty, control and protection schemes are typically co-ordinated in such a manner that actual equipment trips from protection schemes are avoided such that, to borrow some of the OP's words, the control scheme prevents the equipment from tripping except under extreme conditions.
As to the OP's question "So, limiters don't allow protection to operate(e.g. send a signal to the protection system and for a specific time it is forbidden to trip)?" I would describe that as a very dangerous choice of words! I would much rather say that limiters impose control actions in such a manner as to anticipate and preclude the development of such undesirable conditions as would otherwise cause the equipment to trip completely out of service.
CR
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