Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
(OP)
I would like to know why "118 degrees" made the standard tip angle for a drill bit.Or for that matter, 135 degrees?
1. Is there anything called "standard tip angle"?
2. What factors determine the choice of the tip angle?
P.S: I posted the same question in Aerospace forum : http://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=347077
1. Is there anything called "standard tip angle"?
2. What factors determine the choice of the tip angle?
P.S: I posted the same question in Aerospace forum : http://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=347077





RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
A question "Why?" is another story - the above link does not provide clear answer although it rather simple but lenghly to explain with no figures.
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
Well, I'm interested in the "Why" part of it. I have all the time for the story...
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
Viktor
http://viktorastakhov.tripod.com
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
http://www.eng-tips.com/threadminder.cfm?pid=1529
Use translation assistance for Engineers forum
Note the rules include No Student posting
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
Not even close. 140 is now the standard for carbide drills while 120 is still the standard for HSS drills. When you say "minimum force'? what the force you mean? When you say "maximum cutting" what is that? Being of great importance, the point angle is the second most neglected geometry drill parameter in the design/use of modern drills, particularly in high-efficiency drilling, e.g. in the automotive industry. Although it may sound unbelievable, there is a perfect explanation to this "medical" fact. I do believe that you can easily figure out this explanation if you recall what changes in the drilling systems were made over the last 15 or so years + in drill manufacturing including inspection + in grades/quality of drills' materials.
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
Interesting even way back then.
Ted
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
You are right - it is established long time ago that 120 presents a balance. However a question remains: Why? An why modern carbide drills by leading tool manufacturers as for example Guhring and Mapal are supplied with standard 140?
Not that something has been changed since 1888 in terms of drills manufacturing and use. Nowadays, modern CNC drill point grinders as Walter and ANKA (for example) can apply ANY point geometry. Hydraulic and shrink-fit tool holder provide drill installation in the machine with minimal runout. Speeds and fees as well as machine power and axial force do not limit the application of drills of ANY design and geometry as it used to be in 1888. So the optimal point angle and the point geometry should be re-considered for these new conditions. A logical question is: WHY?
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
http://www.eng-tips.com/threadminder.cfm?pid=1529
Use translation assistance for Engineers forum
Note the rules include No Student posting
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
Sharpe and Morse did a great job under conditions of the second half of the 19th century. However, "the best result" as vied today should be specified clearly. the best in terms of what - hole quality, productivity (the penetration rate0, cost per drilled hole, tool life and so on. "The best result" achieved on the manual drill press using hardened high-carbon steel drills may not be the same for:
- a modern high-speed CNC machine.
- modern HSS and carbide grades
- the modern drill manufacturing accuracy, i.e. lip height variation, web eccentricity, chisel edge centrality and so on.
- the ability of modern CNC drill measuring machines as for example Zoller Genius, Walter Helicheck Pro.
What does not change since their time is understanding of drill geometry and design as not much written on the matter.
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
The machine tool and cutting tool industry is not an industry that accepts change quickly so standard methods and specifications continue long past their prime. Even adoption of new technology is slow in these industry in general.
Much of the work done by the pioneers of an industry was done by trial and error and is still relevent for average similar work so change may not be cost justifiable either. It maybe that the documentation of the orignal work was never published so there is no actual proof of the standard other than it works and is inexpensive to produce.
There are many special drill tip configurations availble for special production or material specific application if you can justify the cost.
Ed Danzer
www.danzcoinc.com
www.dehyds.com
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
In general, you are right. However, two points I would like to make.
First, as the conditions have been changed, the tool should be changed accordingly. This is not nearly the case.
Second, no need for cost justification. It is to say that when you grind a complicated point geometry manually, as it used to be for years, there is a significant additional cost. Nowadays, however, a CNC grinder is fully capable to reproduce virtually ANY point geometry with no or small 9if a special grinding wheel is needed) additional cost. The problem is that no many specialists left who know what to ask for.
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
- CJ
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
We are in a lower margin low volume (1-20 parts)per lot job shop so the cost of the drill and sharpening cost can be very important. We do some carbide insert, carbide tip, solid carbide and special high speed steel drills for some applications. Most of the drills we inventory are 118° tip.
John,
I specify the maximum depth for the drill tip so it does not matter the type of drill used. The Komet insert drill we use have a semi-flat bottom so when I design a hydraulic manifold I have to consider how the tip will intersect with a cross passage or affect the next passage wall thickness during the design. In some cases I will specify the drill type for a hole to make sure things work out correctly in the shop.
Ed Danzer
www.danzcoinc.com
www.dehyds.com
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
Ted
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
Just an expression that belies growing questions. We now store all CAD models to the part's nominal dimensions. So, any manufacturing features that exist in the final model are included. We don't even have a machine shop and farm everything out so we have no standards except Machinery's Handbook or the CAD package default. If the machining work isn't in, or does not affect, the finished model than I don't care. I'll let the shop decide how they want to make the part. Otherwise I do care becasue the question will come backas an NCR without question. So, it is nuce to know that a 150 angle may be prefered and I can dimesion to include.
CJ
- CJ
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
"Wildfires are dangerous, hard to control, and economically catastrophic."
Ben Loosli
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
About point angles. Obviously, nobody here wants to design/use high efficiency drill. It is Ok. In this case follow the industry standards as leading tool company do - 120 for HSS and 140 for carbide drill.
As for the drill with "a semi-flat bottom" - it is called sometimes a brad drill. Advantage - the short point so it is really useful what there is not much space for the drill is available at the exit. Tool life, shape of chip axial force etc. are 'bad' compare with a 'normal' 120-point drill.
EdDanzer (Mechanical)
If for you the cost of drill and cost of their re-sharpening are significant then pay attention to the quality of both. Try to track the number of re-sharpenings you get from each drill; use application-specific drills, etc. Never, and I mean it, NEVER use chip drills and poor re-sharpening (re-coating with no stripping). There are a number of simple rules to follow that can cut down your costs by a half easily.
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
What is Engineering anyway: FAQ1088-1484: In layman terms, what is "engineering"?
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
"DO NOT BREAK THRU" - is an atavism from the time when we did not use CAD drawings. Nowadays, a normal drawing should show everything graphically with tolerances. For example, in the automotive industry in drawings of the valve bodies, pump covers and other parts of an automatic transmission we have a lot of narrow passages called veins. We use proper GD&T to avoid breaking thru or not no damage anther vain. A CNC machine does not understand "DO NOT BREAK THRU" ( I tried to tell it but the machine controller just refused to cooperate :) ) - we have to set proper drill length and the length of the working stroke to avoid such a breaking. Properly designed tool layouts help the matter, i.e. selecting the proper drill point and assigning the length of the working stroke.
On the second thought, you might be right for less advanced drilling operations done manually.
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
Viktor,
If you read my post we do use high tech drills when the task justifies. Do you also model the thread helix, dimension the thread angle and radius at the thread point?
Ed Danzer
www.danzcoinc.com
www.dehyds.com
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
What is Engineering anyway: FAQ1088-1484: In layman terms, what is "engineering"?
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
Certainly, for pressure containing parts, it implies the existence of a minimum remaining wall thickness beyond the drill point. ... which is what should be specified or dimensioned in the design documents. ... either directly, or indirectly with the usual depth to full diameter plus some indication of the allowed drill point angle.
Mike Halloran
Pembroke Pines, FL, USA
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
What is Engineering anyway: FAQ1088-1484: In layman terms, what is "engineering"?
RE: Why standard tip angle is 118 degrees?
Viktor,
If you read my post we do use high tech drills when the task justifies. Do you also model the thread helix, dimension the thread angle and radius at the thread point?- unfortunately not although a lack of such models creates some problems when we use rigid tool holders for taps. A certain mismatch of the pitches of the tap and than set on the machine creates tread quality problems and sometimes breaks the tap (particularly carbide taps). Synchro tapping holders are expensive and require maintenance. What I did is a model for the proper diameter of the tap drill - it is another untold story for high-tech manufacturing.