Total Runout on a Cone
Total Runout on a Cone
(OP)
I suspect this topic has been covered here before, but I'll toss it out there again.
Does anyone have a problem with total runout applied to a tapered cylinder? I claim that it's OK, as long as the angle of taper relative to the datum axis is given as a basic dimension.
Some folks try to say that it's not allowed since it's not in the standard, but this forum has discussed how the standard gives basic principles but can't show every possibility.
May be fodder for Y14.5-Next.
Does anyone have a problem with total runout applied to a tapered cylinder? I claim that it's OK, as long as the angle of taper relative to the datum axis is given as a basic dimension.
Some folks try to say that it's not allowed since it's not in the standard, but this forum has discussed how the standard gives basic principles but can't show every possibility.
May be fodder for Y14.5-Next.
John-Paul Belanger
Certified Sr. GD&T Professional
Geometric Learning Systems
http://www.gdtseminars.com





RE: Total Runout on a Cone
I am thinking of a conventional runout set-up on a sine plate? Thus the basic angle? I am not an inspector and nor do I play one on TV, but if it is reasonable that it could be done like that, I say yes. Particularlly because runout seems more focused on an inspection process than on real geometric definition.
Frank
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
It would be the same dial indicator setup as regular total runout, except the rail that the indicator slides on would be at a prescribed angle other than 0º from the datum.
John-Paul Belanger
Certified Sr. GD&T Professional
Geometric Learning Systems
http://www.gdtseminars.com
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
It is my belief that total runout was not intended to control angles other than 0 and 90 but it is only for the reasons previously stated.
Powerhound, GDTP T-0419
Engineering Technician
Inventor 2010
Mastercam X5
Smartcam 11.1
SSG, U.S. Army
Taji, Iraq OIF II
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
The value of it, however, is questionable because ... wait for it ... it's the same as ... wait for it ... SURFACE PROFILE!
For curiosity's sake, how would you even indicate that you wanted the control applied at the angle rather than typical cylindrical? That's the shortcoming of the total runout approach on a cone, whereas a profile control ... well, it's somewhat intuitive, and gets the same result.
Jim Sykes, P.Eng, GDTP-S
Profile Services www.profileservices.ca
TecEase, Inc. www.tec-ease.com
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
Why is it so mysterious to indicate that the control applies at an angle other than parallel?
See attached graphic.
John-Paul Belanger
Certified Sr. GD&T Professional
Geometric Learning Systems
http://www.gdtseminars.com
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
I don't have a problem applying Total Runout to a tapered cylinder. Or any surface of revolution, for that matter. Circular Runout is already applied to these geometries, and there is no fundamental reason why Total Runout cannot be. There are definitely practical difficulties, especially if one wants to use the traditional indicator method of inspection. Tracking an indicator properly through an angled or curved path is more difficult than the usual parallel or perpendicular geometries. If a digital inspection method is used to compare measured points to a tolerance zone, the extra difficulty is less.
powerhound,
I agree that the issue of Total Runout on cones and curved surfaces of revolution was deliberately avoided in '94 and '09. But I would say that say that these applications will probably be in the next version of Y14.5.
Jim, I don't think Total Runout on a cone is the same as Surface Profile. I know that the standard shows an example that tries to make it the same, but I have a big problem with that example ;^). It's Fig. 8-18 in 2009, 6-24 in '94. Surface Profile is applied to a conical surface, in conjunction with a directly toleranced dimension. The Surface Profile tolerance controls the form, orientation, and location of the cone. To me, the appropriate characteristic for that application would be Total Runout, and not a mutated version of Surface Profile. That figure is one of my biggest pet peeves with Y14.5. I dislike the whole idea of mixing directly toleranced dimensions with Surface Profile anyway. It's very case-specific and not rigorously defined.
Evan Janeshewski
Axymetrix Quality Engineering Inc.
www.axymetrix.ca
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
I have had the opportunity to review 2009's section 8.2 on profile recently, I would interpret the last paragraph, stating it may be used as a refinement of toleranced dimensions as an opening to allow it to replace runout anywhere. I have hinted at this in a few threads here recently and have picked up hints that Jim realizes it too.
Recent threads have questioned the uses for datums in profile of a line (an obvious replacement for circular runout come to my mind. There was a recent use of a profile on the surface of a discontinuous spline ID, where it was combined with a toleranced dimension, (I decided not to say anything as it was noted, specifically, under 1994 standard). The question was posed in the same thread of: "would it add to the tolerance", that is also answered in that paragraph for us. It does not, it is treated as a refinement of the size. That is exactly as I would have expected it should be.
Frank
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
But I like your take on the philosophy based on inspection and how the function is the important driver.
John-Paul Belanger
Certified Sr. GD&T Professional
Geometric Learning Systems
http://www.gdtseminars.com
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
As Frank suggested, I look at Total & Circular Runouts as being special cases of profile controls (surface & line), for surfaces parallel to and normal to the datum axis.
J-P, I'm looking at your graphic but in no way does it communicate that the indicator is to be normal to the nominal geometry; how, then, would a less experienced reader know that you intend for the basic angle to guide them to that thought? At the very least, you would need a note such as "AT 15 DEG BASIC ANGLE".
There may be some support for the use of total runout on a conical surface in "9.4.2.1 Applied to Surfaces Around an Axis" ... "...total runout may be used to control cumulative variations such as circularity, straightness, coaxiality, angularity, taper, and profile of a surface." Of course there is no guidance of how to achieve this, but it puts the toe in the door. Unfortunately they don't support it in the graphics anywhere; they only show circular runout on tapers. Then, however, section "9.5 Application" does not indicate total runout as applicable to conical or other non-parallel/non-perpendicular surfaces wrt the datum axis.
Jim Sykes, P.Eng, GDTP-S
Profile Services www.profileservices.ca
TecEase, Inc. www.tec-ease.com
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
Paragraph 9.4.2: "When verifying total runout, the indicator is fixed in orientation normal to and translates along the toleranced surface."
So again, my point is that we all accept total runout on a cylinder and accept that the indicator moves along at an angle of 0º to the datum. If I prescribe a different angle, why should the world suddenly fall apart?
John-Paul Belanger
Certified Sr. GD&T Professional
Geometric Learning Systems
http://www.gdtseminars.com
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
Revisiting your graphic, I don't see support for the angle being specified as basic used with the total runout. The book shows profile control with a basic angle (Fig 8-17 & -18), and circular runout with a toleranced angle (Fig 9-2).
Expanding upon your extension of principles, for a mathematically-definable geometry (curve on Fig 9-5), do you then mean total runout could be used on such a definable surface as long as the indicator is able to follow the nominal profile, as long as some cross-section on the nominal geometry is defined with a +/- tolerance? The standard does read "surface", without restricting it to cylindrical, planar or conical. I'm asking because I had not thought of overwhelming value in using total runout beyond the planar/cylindrical surfaces of revolution about a datum axis. Your extension, however, extends the "acceptability" to far more surfaces of revolution.
Jim Sykes, P.Eng, GDTP-S
Profile Services www.profileservices.ca
TecEase, Inc. www.tec-ease.com
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
If you look at Fig.9-2 and Fig.9-3 (2009); both specify exactly the same: indicator to be held "normal to the true geometric shape"
Sadly, the Standard lacks the definition of "true geometric shape", but definitions for both "true position" and "true profile" say they are defined by basic dimensions; so one doesn't have to extend principles too far to assume that basic angle will describe "true shape". I would consider it "safe bet" at least.
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
In terms of tolerance zone mechanics, Total Runout is identical to Surface Profile in all but one respect. Total Runout allows the tolerance zone to "offset" away from the true profile and Surface Profile does not. This is analogous to reading the indicator's TIR as opposed to an absolute reading.
The offsetting of the tolerance zone manifests itself in different ways for different considered feature geometry. For cylindrical features, the offsetting is purely radial and mimics (but is not quite the same as) letting size float. For single planar surfaces, the offsetting is purely axial and mimics (but is not quite the same as) letting location float. For cones and surfaces of revolution, the offsetting is a more complex combination of radial and axial and doesn't really mimic anything.
Total Runout is distinct from Surface Profile in other ways, which are Y14.5 restrictions and aren't directly related to the tolerance zone mechanics. Total Runout requires the presence of a datum axis, and the geometry of the considered feature is confined to certain types. Cylindrical surfaces that are nominally coaxial to the datum axis, planar surfaces that are nominally perpendicular to the datum axis, and (arguably) cones and other surfaces of revolution. Surface Profile can be applied to a surface of any nominal geometry. In principle, Total Runout could be applied without a datum axis (or any datum features at all) and to other types of irregular surfaces. But these applications would be very far removed from the traditional indicator-based roots of the characteristic, and Y14.5 has not explored them as yet.
I fully expect vigorous opposition from some of you, as some of this goes beyond or conflicts with current Y14.5 explanations.
Evan Janeshewski
Axymetrix Quality Engineering Inc.
www.axymetrix.ca
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
Jim Sykes, P.Eng, GDTP-S
Profile Services www.profileservices.ca
TecEase, Inc. www.tec-ease.com
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
Peter Truitt
Minnesota
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
Why couldn't the definitions of runouts (circular or total) say that readings must be taken in a direction perpendicular to a datum axis for surfaces of revolution or parallel to a datum axis for surfaces at right angles unless otherwise stated? Wouldn't it reflect funtional requirements of runout applications - rotating elements - better? Wouldn't it solve all the problems with runout of cones and any other fancy sine shapes?
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
Jim Sykes, P.Eng, GDTP-S
Profile Services www.profileservices.ca
TecEase, Inc. www.tec-ease.com
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
Good!
But "indicator on defined guideway(s)" is exactly how you will measure Total runout, isn't it?
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
Jim Sykes, P.Eng, GDTP-S
Profile Services www.profileservices.ca
TecEase, Inc. www.tec-ease.com
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
Let me explain the idea in finer detail.
If you are to control Angularity, you will slide your indicator along guideway representing the angle.
Enter 14.5-09 Para 9.4.2.1: "When applied to surfaces, constructed around a datum axis, total runout may be used to control cumulative variations such as circularity, straightness, coaxiality, angularity, taper, and profile of a surface"
It's right there, total runout indirectly controls angularity. Only for angularity your indicator is touching fixed part, for runout - rotating one. Is there a way to specify angularity without basic angle?
Not to mention that total runout indirectly controls profile as well, so hierarchically it is standing on the higher level, isn't it?
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
I don't see that runout would be above profile; is the inverse not also true, that profile applied to a revolved surface gives you total runout, angularity, circularity, straightness, coaxiality, taper?
The new (?) definition of total runout seems to make it synonymous with profile of a surface for a continuous surface of revolution (i.e. no interruptions). I think that it falls down when you have multiple (interrupted) surfaces unless a Continuous Feature is invoked. For Hierarchy, however, I look also at which one does more; runout controls can't be applied to non-revolved surfaces whereas profile controls can. That makes profile somewhat more robust overall with the exception of using it on directly size-toleranced (+/-) features.
Jim Sykes, P.Eng, GDTP-S
Profile Services www.profileservices.ca
TecEase, Inc. www.tec-ease.com
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
Now, if we specify both runout and circularity, will circularity be refinement of runout? I guess that's the idea of one control indirectly controlling the other, and that was my idea of "hierarchy".
This is why i wouldn't go as far as calling runout "special case of profile". One is one, the other is the other.
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
-If an indicator was used, it would have to be tracked along the basic profile. The only difference would be that the Surface Profile measurement would involve an absolute reading and the Total Runout measurement would involve a FIM reading.
-If a point-based coordinate metrology technique was used, the tolerance zones would both be based on the basic profile. The only difference would be that the Surface Profile zone would remain fixed at the basic profile and the Total Runout zone would be allowed to offset away from the basic profile.
So is Total Runout really a special case of Surface Profile? I would say no, that Total Runout is a distinct characteristic, and that the distinction should be made clear. But the standard really muddies the waters on this. It allows the mixing of Surface Profile with directly toleranced dimensions in certain special cases, giving a result equivalent to Total Runout. As CH quoted, it also states in 9.4.2.1 that "total runout may be used to control cumulative variations such as circularity ... and profile of a surface". This statement is extremely misleading at best, and if we're honest with ourselves it's wrong. If applied to a basically defined profile, Total Runout does not control Profile of a Surface. I agree with CH, Surface Profile has more power. Surface Profile can indirectly control Total Runout, but Total Runout cannot indirectly control Surface Profile. This is because the Total Runout tolerance zone has an extra degree of freedom (offsetting) that the Surface Profile tolerance zone does not have. Or, in the indicator world, it's FIM versus an absolute reading.
Evan Janeshewski
Axymetrix Quality Engineering Inc.
www.axymetrix.ca
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
If your surface profile is .10 off and the whole contraption is .20 eccentric, then total runout will measure .30 (in theoretically correct perfect world).
But like it or not, it will make profile refinement of runout.
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
Still don't see profile as a refinement of runout though.
I guide students towards the use of profile for cones (with basic dimensions). One reason is that it controls size as well as everything else, in one inspection setup rather than multiple. If a linear tolerance is applied for size or angle, it needs to be verified independently of surface location wrt datums, form, etc. I've used conical tapers extensively for almost 20 years, and based on the functionality profile eliminates the issues of separate size & location & form. I won't argue that there aren't conical applications that won't benefit from separate treatment, but I haven't experienced them yet.
Jim Sykes, P.Eng, GDTP-S
Profile Services www.profileservices.ca
TecEase, Inc. www.tec-ease.com
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
Reading through Groeg Henzold's book: He refers to runout for "any other direction" (other than perpendicular or parallel) and it's application is specifically shown applied to a cone.
Frank
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
John-Paul Belanger
Certified Sr. GD&T Professional
Geometric Learning Systems
http://www.gdtseminars.com
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
Yes, it discusses it for both types of runout. Even though it is an ISO text, it does indicate to me others must agree with the concept of it.
Frank
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
John-Paul Belanger
Certified Sr. GD&T Professional
Geometric Learning Systems
http://www.gdtseminars.com
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
I can see total runout on a cone but it would be difficult to measure using conventional equipment. One would still place the part in a chuck but instead of having the travel of the dial indicator parallel to the axis, it would travel on the angle given. It would not control the location of the angle though. The total runout would be the TIR or FIM of the indicator full length of the cone. This would probably apply on small cylindrical features or cones that can be chucked. I think that it would be a bad day for someone in Quality trying to confirm this requirement and I would love to see the measuring equipment.
Profile of a surface on a cone would control size, angle and variations in the surface probably using a CMM. One could fail this requirement just through location of the angle alone. All cone related dimensions would be basic.
Dave D.
www.qmsi.ca
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
this one is for you. This is my first attempt at uploading and basically a test.
Frank
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
John-Paul Belanger
Certified Sr. GD&T Professional
Geometric Learning Systems
http://www.gdtseminars.com
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
"However, during the checking of total runout in any directon, the positions of the dial indicator are along the guiding line (theoretically exact generator line of the toleranced feature) parallel to the theoretically exact position with respect to datum axis B."
I think TED is how they refer to basic?
Frank
RE: Total Runout on a Cone
John-Paul Belanger
Certified Sr. GD&T Professional
Geometric Learning Systems
http://www.gdtseminars.com