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beam forces sign convention

beam forces sign convention

beam forces sign convention

(OP)
Hi
I am new to abaqus and was working on stress analysis of structure using gravity loads.
I have represented hydraulic cylinders as beam elements(i dont know if that is the correct representation)and was extracting beam forces using *el print, SF.
I was not able to find out what sign conventions does abaqus use. Does -ve value mean compression(beam has compressed) and +ve value mean tension (beam has expanded)
Can anyone help me on this.
I appreciate your help
regards
Jim
 

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