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reactive power and penalites

reactive power and penalites

reactive power and penalites

(OP)
hi
i'm fabio from italy. i'm searching the costs (penalties)of reactive power request in europe. someone can indicate me some link about reactive power english methodology? thanks

RE: reactive power and penalites

The reactive energy does not cost directly. The utility supplying the energy [active] may add penalty for a low power factor .The power factor [cosFi] is the ratio between
P=active power and S= apparent power [for a single phase consumer S=U*I and P=U*I*cosFi where Fi=the angle between U and I on a phasor diagram].
Measuring the reactive energy one may calculate the average tanFi=reactive energy/active energy and recalculate power factor as cosFi. The lower is power factor the bigger is the current[A] your facility will draw from the Utility Grid with no reason as what do you need actually is only the active power.
This big current produces losses in the grid and useless heating.
http://my.dteenergy.com/business/manufacturing/powerFactor.html
Quote:
"How Does Power Factor Affect Electric Bills?
There is a substantial cost increase in serving customers with low power factor loads. These costs are not reflected in metered use of working power. Therefore, special provisions are made to compensate Detroit Edison for the additional investment. Accordingly, some Detroit Edison rates call for penalties ranging from 1 to 3 percent when the power factor is between 85 and 70 percent.
Power factors below 70 percent are not permitted, and customers are required to invest in corrective equipment necessary to improve the power factor above this level. Until corrections are made a 25 percent penalty charge will be applied to any billing after two consecutive months below 70 percent power factor and will continue as long as the power factor remains below this level."
 

RE: reactive power and penalites

You can read the Bonneville Power Adminstration's rates...search for reactive power and ratchet.

If a customer consumes reactive power on a regular basis they do end up paying a penalty...most utilies do the math and determine if power factor correction is cost effective or if paying the penalty is the proper thing to do.

The url is below:

http://www.bpa.gov/corporate/ratecase/2008/2010_BPA_Rate_Case/docs/TR-10%20FINAL%20Rate%20Schedules%20Clean_021009_Posted.pdf

RE: reactive power and penalites

Visit websites of utility companies and review their billing structures.

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