heat transfer through pipe
heat transfer through pipe
(OP)
To my helpful collegues,
I am trying to determine what size and length of 316 SS pipe i would need in order to cool steam at 180°C @ 692Kpa with a flow rate of 260 kg/h to 135°C, at which point it will be water. My ambient condition are 15°C min and 38°C max. My goal is to use as small and short of pipe as possible due to space constraints.
I will also need to calculate the pressure drop through this length of pipe which i will most likely be coiling to save space.
I have a basic understanding of heat transfer and Q=m*cp*(Tin-Tout)= U*A*LMTD, but i am not sure on how to apply it for my exact situation.
I would appreciate it if someone could walk me through the calculation that i need to do.
Thank You!
I am trying to determine what size and length of 316 SS pipe i would need in order to cool steam at 180°C @ 692Kpa with a flow rate of 260 kg/h to 135°C, at which point it will be water. My ambient condition are 15°C min and 38°C max. My goal is to use as small and short of pipe as possible due to space constraints.
I will also need to calculate the pressure drop through this length of pipe which i will most likely be coiling to save space.
I have a basic understanding of heat transfer and Q=m*cp*(Tin-Tout)= U*A*LMTD, but i am not sure on how to apply it for my exact situation.
I would appreciate it if someone could walk me through the calculation that i need to do.
Thank You!





RE: heat transfer through pipe
Is this related to work as it reads like a student homework question which is probably why no one as responded.
If you can tell us the application you might get responses
desertfox
RE: heat transfer through pipe
I am a project engineer at Lawrence pumps Inc. located in Lawrence, Massachusettes. I have been working here since summer of '07. This is my first engineering job since i graduated college. I desing and run projects for industiral sized pumps for applications such as the petrochemical industy and oil refineries. I am currently working on a fully lined slurry pump which is going up to the tar sands in Canada. Their utilities there are rather limited and all they have avaliable for a flush source is steam from their steam traps. In order for the pump to not vapor bind, it is required that water be used as the flush. The customer does not want to add any heat exchangers to their scope due to cost and how far they are in their design process. So i thought if we could use a simple coil of pipe to condense the steam to water, it would be a relatively cheap alternative to a heat exchanger.
I hope this helps explain my situation. The reason i asked some one to walk me through it is because my heat transfer is a little rusty seeing as how i have been working moslty with hydraullics since i graduated.
Thank you,
Danette
PS. Please feel free to visit www.lawrencepumps.com to view our products and applications.
RE: heat transfer through pipe
Thanks for the response people will realise now your not a student and hopefully you will get the response's and help you require.
regards
desertfox
RE: heat transfer through pipe
RE: heat transfer through pipe
Thanks for the input.
RE: heat transfer through pipe
Don't be discouraged. The hydraulics & heat transfer are pretty much independent of one another (I think). I'm having some trouble visualizing your total situation. You say your steam comes from a steam trap(s). That confuses me since you get condensate and not steam from a properly functioning trap. If you have saturated steam at 180C, then it will lose the latent heat first. Your temperature differential will be 180 - 38 = 142C (worst case). Refer to a good heat transfer book to estimate a reasonable U for a steam-air condenser. Combined this will get you U and LMTD. Get Q by taking the enthalpy of the steam less the enthalpy of your water. Then solve for A and use that to get the length of pipe or tubing you'll need. For hydraulic calcs, get yourself a copy of "the standard", Crane's Technical Paper 410 and plan for some fun, late night reading. Good luck.
RE: heat transfer through pipe
Bear in mind that if your air exhaust is hotter than 55°C, there will also be need to be safety measures at the exhaust port of your exchanger.
There is a free, downloadable heat transfer text: http://web.mit.edu/lienhard/www/ahtt.html
There are also a number of on-line calculators that might help out.
Your basic procedure is to determine the amount of heat you have to remove and then determine the amount of heat your exchanger can dump into the air, which determines the length of the coil.
Note that airflow across the coil, and possibly adding fins to the coil can drastically affect the coil's efficiency in heat removal.
TTFN
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RE: heat transfer through pipe
2) Use your "basic heat transfer" knowledge. But its a little tricky since the outside is the limiting. Forget the inside heat transfer resistance (its steam) and forget the pipelwall - its all about the outside. Here you can use some textbook stuff. Most basic textbook will have direction on estimating h values for various geometries incl. horz. and vertcal pipes.
3) Now use you basic heat transfer knowledge and use the outside heat transfer and dT=Q/time/A*1/h
(hopefully they will use the same symbols - but most tend to at least those influence by German engineering/heat transfer). Remember a dimensioncheck for the units.
This is not a fee consultantcy so i wont go into more details here.
Best regards
Morten
RE: heat transfer through pipe
Thanks again,
Danette
RE: heat transfer through pipe
rmw
RE: heat transfer through pipe
you know the amount of heat you have to remove from the steam based on enthalpy difference to cool to saturation, and you know the heat released on condensation, believe you have a rough estimate of the heat transfer coefficient or bare pipe-hand book data, and the flow rate, bingo with the mean steam temperature
hardly a homework problem, good question
RE: heat transfer through pipe
The reguired lenght can be find from the equation (as you described)
L=-((m*Cp)/(U*P))*ln((T2-Tambient)/(T1-Tambient))
where
L=pipe lenght(m)
m=steam mass flow (kg/sec)
P=external perimeter of type= pi*Dexternal (m)
T2=steam final temperature (K)
T1=steam entering temperature (K)
Tambient=higher ambient temperature (K)
U= heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K) which given appr. from the equation
1/U= 1/hi +1/ho + x/k
where
hi= steam heat thermal conductivity (W/m2K)
ho=ambient heat thermal conductivity ho=8-16(W/m2K)for ambient free air
k=pipe thermal conductivity (W/mk) (appr. 32 W/mk)
x=pipe thickness (m)
hi is given by equation
hi*di/k=Nu=0.023*Re^0.8*Pr^0.3 (see for example Lienhard...)
But
If ambient conditions is free air then
As hi and k/x are very high comparative ho you can accept that
U=ho
Then you have
L=-((m*Cp)/(ho*P))*ln((T2-Tambient)/(T1-Tambient))
for example, for Dex=50mm you have L=50m
As you understand in case you have not much space you must find a forced external air circulation system so as ho=O(3) as hi and x/k is.
Best Regards
RE: heat transfer through pipe
500,000 BTU/hr
Air cooling?
How about water cooling with water towers.
RE: heat transfer through pipe
Re = D*V/v
where D (in.) is the pipe diameter, V (in./s) is the fluid velocity, and v (in.2 /s) is the kinematic viscosity.
If the Reynolds number is above 2,300, flow is turbulent and the pressure drop in the feed line is given by
Pl = 0.069*Q^2*L/(Re^0.2*D^5)
where Pl is pressure drop (psi), Q is flow in gpm, L is equivalent line length (ft), and D is inside pipe diameter (in.).
If Re is below 2,300, flow pressure drop Pl (psi) is given by
Pl = Q*p*v /(132*D^4)
RE: heat transfer through pipe