Quasi Static Analysis
Quasi Static Analysis
(OP)
Hi,
I have been reading through some of the threads here and technical papers on quasi static analysis and am trying to understand the procedure for definition.
If i understand it correctly, say I have a base excitation of 2g 11ms 1/2 sine. So, Fp = 1 /2(0.011) = 45.45Hz
So, if i now run a modal analysis of my structure and the first mode is above 250Hz (ie 5x base frequency), is it valid then to simply apply the 2g as a linear acceleration without any amplifaction factor?
The 5:1 ratio is taken from Harris Shock & Vibration Handbook which states
"Any dynamic excitation at a frequency less than about 20 percent of the lowest normal mode (natural) frequency
of the equipment can be considered quasi-static"
Tom
I have been reading through some of the threads here and technical papers on quasi static analysis and am trying to understand the procedure for definition.
If i understand it correctly, say I have a base excitation of 2g 11ms 1/2 sine. So, Fp = 1 /2(0.011) = 45.45Hz
So, if i now run a modal analysis of my structure and the first mode is above 250Hz (ie 5x base frequency), is it valid then to simply apply the 2g as a linear acceleration without any amplifaction factor?
The 5:1 ratio is taken from Harris Shock & Vibration Handbook which states
"Any dynamic excitation at a frequency less than about 20 percent of the lowest normal mode (natural) frequency
of the equipment can be considered quasi-static"
Tom





RE: Quasi Static Analysis
A half-sin pulse has more frequencies than just the sinusoid from which is carved. It can be composed in the time domain as the multiplication of a rectangular pulse and a sinusoid. So in the frequency domain, it is represented as a sinc function (the fourier transform of square pulse) shifted left and right (representing convolution with the +f1 and -f1 frequencies of the sinusoid). So the harmonics continue all the way to
That makes it a little tricker. The error from neglecting dynamic/mass effects for the higher frequencies is bigger since some of them will be closer to resonance (and certainly some above resonance).
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RE: Quasi Static Analysis
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Multiply your excitation spectrum by the appropriate curve above to decide what scaling factor you are comfortable with.
Cheers
Greg Locock
SIG:Please see FAQ731-376: Eng-Tips.com Forum Policies for tips on how to make the best use of Eng-Tips.
RE: Quasi Static Analysis
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Eng-tips forums: The best place on the web for engineering discussions.
RE: Quasi Static Analysis
Cheers
Greg Locock
SIG:Please see FAQ731-376: Eng-Tips.com Forum Policies for tips on how to make the best use of Eng-Tips.
RE: Quasi Static Analysis
Cheers
Greg Locock
SIG:Please see FAQ731-376: Eng-Tips.com Forum Policies for tips on how to make the best use of Eng-Tips.
RE: Quasi Static Analysis
I saw a reference on Google books in de silvas shock handbook and I quote:
"If the longest natural period corresponding to the ?rst natural frequency of the structure is more than about twice the rise time, the loading should be classi?ed as shock or impact loading and transient dynamic analysis would be required. If the longest natural period of a system is less than about one third of the rise time, it would be suf?cient to perform static analysis and consider the loading to be quasi-static."
Tom
RE: Quasi Static Analysis
Above is an analysis of a sdof system with half-sin pulse acceleration applied to the base.
The half pulse is carved from a sinusoid at frequency 50hz
and lasts 0.01 seconds.
The sdof system has m=1, k=0.247E7
This gives Fnat = sqrt(k/m)/(2*pi)= 250hz
(5 times as high)
At the end of the file you see displacements plotted (base and mass), velocities plotted (base and mass) and accelerations plotted (base and mass).
The displacements are pretty close, velocities a little further apart, and accelerations even further apart. The peak acceleration for the mass looks is at least 8% higher on the base and the accel profile vs time substantially different. (we would assume the accelerations the same under quasistatic analysis).
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RE: Quasi Static Analysis
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It confirms that the solution for acceleration of the mass in this particular problem "oscillates" about the acceleration of the base with a frequency approx equal to the natural frequency of the system.
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RE: Quasi Static Analysis
There's quite a lot of the 250 hz in that bump, although since it is undamped that may be a bit unfair.
Cheers
Greg Locock
SIG:Please see FAQ731-376: Eng-Tips.com Forum Policies for tips on how to make the best use of Eng-Tips.
RE: Quasi Static Analysis
Don't blame the long ugly output on Maple... blame it on me. I could easily have supressed the output of those long equations. Using ":" at the end of a command line supresses Maple response to a command, while using ";" at the end of a line displays Maple's response to the command. Somehow I had the vague idea that including the intermediate results would be valuable since it would make it easier to validate these results by manual application of Laplace transform method if someone were inclined to do so. Riiiight! That was a little bit silly, in retrospect.
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RE: Quasi Static Analysis
"...my gut feel is that it would not have a large effect on that first acceleration peak..."
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RE: Quasi Static Analysis
Thanks for the analysis The peak acceleration increase of about 8-10% is what I get when I plot an SRS curve for undamped SDOF assuming 250Hz natural frequency
Tom
RE: Quasi Static Analysis
Cheers
Greg Locock
SIG:Please see FAQ731-376: Eng-Tips.com Forum Policies for tips on how to make the best use of Eng-Tips.
RE: Quasi Static Analysis
Cheers
Tom
RE: Quasi Static Analysis
You can use the same octave rule for sinusoidal vibrations as well. As long as you can approximate the system as 1DOF just look up the amplification (or attenuation) on the transmisibility curve.
True, if you look at the complete transient response of your system to a sine pulse you might see some frequency content of higher modes, but it will usually be insignificant compared to the response of the fundamental and won't contribute to the stresses.
Now if your modes are less than one octave apart, all bets are off because dynamic coupling of the modes will lead to amplifications that can be orders of magnitude higher than those given for a 1DOF system.
One octave is simply a doubling of frequency, so if your 2nd mode is above 500Hz, have at it with the static analysis. If you want to prove it to yourself, run a simple FEA model of the structural response to a half-sine pulse. Set your model up in such a way that the frequencies are an octave apart. Next, run a static analysis of the same structure with a body acceleration (remember to use the correct amplification factor) and I bet you will find that the stresses and displacements are pretty darn close.
RE: Quasi Static Analysis
Thanks for the very informative post
Can I just clarify.
(1). Make sure the 2nd mode is at least double the fundermental to classify the structure as 1DOF - Then use dynamic load factor curve to give amplification factor
(2). It doesnt matter what ratio the shock pulse to fundamental frequency is if (1) above is not valid. So if R>10 for example you still have to treat as a transient analysis, unless you have this octave doubling
Tom
RE: Quasi Static Analysis
I think that there is still a chance of some degree of amplification due to dynamic coupling. I also think the degree of coupling is going to depend on the effective modal mass of the higher modes.
Let me try to present an intuitive way to think about it rather than doing some actual math. Imagine a machine mounted on a foundation that can be considered as a 2DOF system. The foundation mass is large in relation to the machine and therefore the foundation has the lowest natural frequency. If you apply an acceleration to the foundation it will respond at its natural frequency. If the resonance of the machine is closer than an octave away, the frame could actually amplify the input acceleration seen by the machine. For a lightly damped system, this can lead to amplifications of almost 50X. For moderatley damped systems, it might not be a problem.
You could try running some simple models to test this theory out.
In practice I don't use quasi-static analysis too often. If I am going through the trouble to make an FEA model to find the natural frequencies anyway, it is not too much more of an effort to just go ahead and solve for the dynamic response. Although if you have one of those low end FEA programs that only has modal analysis then you simply can't do that.