End Returns & Footing Design
End Returns & Footing Design
(OP)
Are end returns only necessary for Temp/Shrink reinforcement in foundation design? If you have full development length for your flexural steel from the column face, there is no need to hook the bars right? Also, can you use the (As req'd/As provided) reduction factor on the development length for flexural steel?
Thanks in advance,
Lee
Thanks in advance,
Lee






RE: End Returns & Footing Design
Anytime you can develop a bar on BOTH sides of the critical plane of failure, then hooks are not required.
If full yield stress does not need to be developed for some reason, you can use the reduction factor.
DaveAtkins
RE: End Returns & Footing Design
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RE: End Returns & Footing Design
DaveAtkins
RE: End Returns & Footing Design
"At all sections where required, reinforcement for shrinkage and temperature stresses shall develop the specified yield strength fy in tension in accordance with chapter 12."
Where are the required sections? Do I need to have the 180 degree hooks in order to develop fy to the ends of the pad?
RE: End Returns & Footing Design
If you have external loads requiring the development of a bar near the end, that is another matter.
RE: End Returns & Footing Design