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Role of washer and spring in flange joint

Role of washer and spring in flange joint

Role of washer and spring in flange joint

(OP)
I would like to apply flange joint of steel pipes for force main construction (sewerage system). The dimension of pipe is 800 mm (AWWA C200 standard, flanges are dia. 800 mm of JIS 10K standard). The pipes has pressure of 10 bar only.

What I would like to know are :

1. Is it necessary to place 2 washers behind both bolt head and nut?
2. Is it necessary to apply coil spring in the joint?. If it's necessary, where do I have to place the coil spring?
3. What is the role of washer and spring in the jointing of flanges? because I have never applied washers and springs for the smaller flanges joint.

Thanks in advance, any reply would be highly apperciated.



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